Deep vein thrombosis is defined as a blood clot which arises in a vein positioned deep within the body. In most cases, a clot might partly or fully obstruct the flow of blood via a vein. Most cases develop in the lower part of the leg, pelvis or thigh but might also form in other body parts including the brain, arm, liver, intestines or kidney.
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What are the symptoms?
Deep vein thrombosis typically forms in one leg or arm. Not all those who have DVT will experience any symptoms, but can include:
- Swelling of the leg or arm that occurs abruptly
- Tenderness or pain in the leg that might only occur while walking or standing
- Site in the arm or leg that is swollen or sore might be warmer than usual
- Reddened or discolored skin
- Veins close to the skin surface might be bigger than normal
What are the possible causes?
Certain conditions can increase the risk for deep vein thrombosis such as:
- A genetic condition that increases the risk for blood clot formation
- Cancer and some of its treatment options such as chemotherapy
- Reduced flow of blood in a deep vein from injuries, immobilization or surgery
- Prolonged periods of inactivity that lowers the blood flow such as being seated for long hours while travelling or immobility after a serious injury or surgery.
Tenderness or pain in the leg that might only occur while walking or standing. - Pregnancy and the initial 6 weeks after birth
- Being overweight
- Over the age of 40
- Using birth control pills or hormonal therapy
- Presence of a pacemaker or central venous catheter
Management of deep vein thrombosis
An individual with deep vein thrombosis require treatment in a healthcare facility. The treatment options generally include compression stockings, medications and elevation of the affected leg.
In case a blood clot is widespread, it requires invasive tests and management. The main objectives of treatment include:
- Preventing the blood clot from growing bigger
- Preventing the breakage of the clot in the vein and travelling into the lungs
- Lowering the risk for another clot
- Prevention of long-standing complications from a clot